ICD-10 Codes for Mental Health: F01–F99

Every behavioral health claim in the United States carries at least one ICD-10-CM diagnosis code, and nearly all of them come from one chapter: Chapter 5, Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental disorders (F01–F99). This directory covers all eleven F-code blocks, the substance use disorder code families in depth, the Official Guidelines rules that decide between competing codes, and the non-F codes behavioral health facilities bill every week — with deep-dive guides for each code family.

All codes and titles on this page are verified against the FY2026 ICD-10-CM code set (effective October 1, 2025), published by CDC/NCHS ↗ and CMS ↗. Coding rules cite the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, FY2026 ↗.

How ICD-10-CM codes work in behavioral health

ICD-10-CM is the U.S. clinical modification of the World Health Organization’s ICD-10, maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics. It is the HIPAA-mandated code set for reporting diagnoses on claims — which makes it the language every payer, clearinghouse, and auditor reads, regardless of what the clinical note says.

Every code is built the same way:

Two structural rules drive most coding errors in behavioral health:

Chapter 5 spans F01–F99 and is organized into eleven blocks by disorder type. The next section maps all of them.

• A code is only billable at its full character length. Category and subcategory entries like F10, F10.2, and F10.23 are headers, not codes — a claim carrying one will be rejected for specificity. The tabular list marks which entries are valid for submission.
• The code set changes every October 1. Each federal fiscal year brings additions, deletions, and revised titles (with an occasional April 1 mid-year update). A charge master or EHR favorites list that nobody has re-validated since implementation is a denial generator.

Full F-code block directory

The table below is the complete block map of ICD-10-CM Chapter 5, with the codes behavioral health facilities bill most inside each block and where to go for the deep guide.

A few routing notes, block by block:

• F01–F09 capture psychiatric presentations caused by a documented medical condition — the etiology code from outside Chapter 5 is sequenced first per the tabular’s “code first” instructions. The most common BH-facility scenario, depressive disorder due to a medical condition (F06.31/F06.32), has a dedicated guide, and cognitive presentations are covered in our mild cognitive impairment guide.
• F30–F39 is the highest-volume block in outpatient mental health. Beyond the directory guide, we cover the full F32/F33 depression family, the two most-billed single codes F33.1 and F33.2, the “other depression” code F32.89, depression with psychotic features, and bipolar disorder (F31.x).
• F40–F48 also holds trauma- and stressor-related disorders: see our PTSD guide (F43.10–F43.12), adjustment disorder codes (F43.2x), and OCD (F42.x).
• F90–F98 covers the child/adolescent caseload: ADHD, conduct disorder (F91.x), and enuresis (F98.0).
• F50–F59 is where eating disorder programs live, but it also holds the insomnia and other sleep disorder codes (F51.x) that show up constantly as secondary diagnoses in SUD and mood-disorder treatment — co-occurring insomnia documented during residential care is codeable and helps tell the acuity story.
• F60–F69 personality disorder codes are clinically common but carry billing friction: many payer policies treat a standalone personality disorder diagnosis differently from an Axis-style co-occurring presentation, so most facilities bill F60.3 (borderline personality disorder) alongside the mood, trauma, or substance diagnosis being actively treated rather than alone.
• F99 is a real, billable code — mental disorder, not otherwise specified — but the least specific in the chapter. Use it only when nothing more specific is documented, and expect payer scrutiny when it appears on claims.

Substance use disorder codes (F10–F19): the core of addiction treatment billing

For addiction treatment facilities, one block does most of the work. F10–F19 assigns each substance class its own three-character category, and every category follows the same internal grammar — learn it once and you can read all ten families:

The 5th and 6th characters then add the clinical specifier: uncomplicated, in remission, with intoxication, with withdrawal, or with a substance-induced disorder (mood, psychotic, anxiety, sleep, and others — the exact menu varies by substance). For example, F10.20 is alcohol dependence, uncomplicated; F10.231 is alcohol dependence with withdrawal delirium; F11.21 is opioid dependence, in remission.

Each family has a complete FY2026 code table, documentation guidance, and billing notes in its own guide:

Two family-level details matter before you ever pick a specifier. First, F17 breaks the pattern: it has no abuse stem — nicotine codes start at dependence (F17.2-) and subdivide by product (F17.210, nicotine dependence, cigarettes, uncomplicated). Second, F19 is the catch-all for substances without their own category and for polysubstance documentation that doesn’t resolve to a single class — which makes it both useful and easy to overuse.

For background reading on how these codes on real claims, see our guide to ICD-10 codes in addiction treatment billing.

• F10 — alcohol-related disorders
• F11 — opioid-related disorders
• F12 — cannabis-related disorders
• F13 — sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic-related disorders
• F14 — cocaine-related disorders
• F15 — other stimulant-related disorders (methamphetamine, amphetamines)
• F16 — hallucinogen-related disorders
• F17 — nicotine dependence
• F18 — inhalant-related disorders
• F19 — other psychoactive substance-related disorders

The Official Guidelines rules every BH coder must know

The ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting ↗ are part of the HIPAA code set — following them is not optional, and Section I.C.5 (Chapter 5) contains the rules that decide most behavioral health coding disputes. Paraphrased:

None of the directory pages on this site substitute for the Guidelines themselves — when a payer dispute turns on a coding rule, cite the current-year PDF.

• The use–abuse–dependence hierarchy. When provider documentation refers to use, abuse, and dependence of the same substance, assign only one code, at the highest level documented: use + abuse → code abuse; abuse + dependence → code dependence; use + dependence (or all three) → code dependence. Never report two stems of the same family on one claim.
• Remission is a provider-documentation call. Codes for abuse in remission (F1x.11) and dependence in remission (F1x.21) require the provider’s clinical judgment, documented in the record. DSM-5-TR “early remission” and “sustained remission” specifiers map into these codes — mild SUD in remission to F1x.11, moderate/severe to F1x.21 — but a coder cannot infer remission from time sober alone.
• “Unspecified use” codes are barely reportable. The F1x.9- codes are assigned only when the substance use is documented as associated with a physical, mental, or behavioral disorder — and the provider has documented that relationship. A social-history mention of drinking or cannabis use, by itself, is not codeable.
• Code only what meets the reporting definition. Substance use, abuse, and dependence codes require the provider’s diagnostic statement; psychoactive substance codes should be reported only when relevant to the encounter.
• Sequencing follows the reason for the encounter. The principal (inpatient) or first-listed (outpatient) diagnosis is the condition chiefly responsible for the admission or visit, per Sections II and IV of the Guidelines. In a detox or residential SUD stay, that is normally the substance dependence code being treated; comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions are coded additionally, and “code first” notes in the tabular (for example, the physiological-condition codes in F01–F09) can override default ordering.

DSM-5-TR vs ICD-10-CM: diagnose in one, bill in the other

Clinicians in U.S. behavioral health work in two systems at once. DSM-5-TR, published by the American Psychiatric Association, defines the diagnostic criteria — the symptom thresholds, durations, and exclusions that justify a diagnosis. ICD-10-CM is the code set HIPAA requires on the claim. DSM-5-TR itself lists the corresponding ICD-10-CM code next to each diagnosis, so for most conditions the crosswalk is printed on the page the clinician is already reading.

The mapping is mostly clean, with known friction points:

The operational risk lives in the gap: a note written in DSM language (“moderate alcohol use disorder ”) that a biller translates incorrectly (“F10.10”) produces a claim that contradicts its own chart. Train documentation and code selection together, and audit the crosswalk on your top twenty diagnoses. DSM-5-TR criteria are APA-copyrighted and are not reproduced anywhere in this directory — these pages describe coding mechanics, not diagnostic thresholds.

Non-F codes you’ll bill in behavioral health

Chapter 5 doesn’t cover everything a behavioral health facility documents. Four groups of codes from other chapters show up constantly:

The two highest-stakes scenarios have dedicated guides: suicidal ideation and suicide attempt coding — R45.851 vs. T14.91X- and how intentional-self-harm coding interacts with the psychiatric diagnosis — are covered in our suicide attempt and suicidal ideation guide and the R45.851 deep dive; altered mental status, and when R41.82 is the wrong answer, is covered in the change in mental status guide.

Z codes deserve more respect than they get in behavioral health: they document the psychosocial context that medical-necessity reviewers look for, and they cost nothing to report when supported by the record.

ICD-10 codes, medical necessity, and getting claims paid

For a behavioral health facility, the diagnosis code isn’t trivia — it’s the anchor of medical necessity. Payers evaluate whether the diagnosis supports the billed level of care: the ICD-10-CM code on the claim has to make the service code’s story plausible.

The recurring failure patterns are predictable: an abuse-stem code (F1x.10) under a residential claim, a remission code (F1x.21) on a continued-stay request without step-down rationale, and unspecified codes (F41.9, F32.9, F19.9-) where the payer’s policy demands specificity. Authorization criteria typically track multidimensional assessment frameworks alongside the diagnosis — see ASAM criteria and payer authorization — and the treatment plan must trace back to the coded diagnosis, covered in our treatment plan guide.

A fictional example, for illustration only: a residential SUD program admits a client with documented severe opioid use disorder and bills H0018 with F11.10 (opioid abuse, uncomplicated) because the intake coordinator copied last quarter’s favorites list. The payer’s first-pass edit doesn’t reject it — but at concurrent review, the abuse-level code can’t support a dependence-level placement, the continued stay is denied, and the appeal succeeds only after the record is re-coded to F11.20 with a corrected claim. Nothing clinical went wrong; the code told the wrong story.

Because the code set changes every October 1, claims systems also need an annual scrub: codes deleted or re-titled at the fiscal-year rollover will deny cleanly and silently. For the end-to-end revenue cycle view — eligibility, claims, denials, appeals — see behavioral health RCM, and our guide to denial codes in addiction treatment billing for reading what comes back when the diagnosis-to-service pairing fails.

Complete directory of our ICD-10 guides

Everything in the franchise, in one list.

Substance use disorders (F10–F19): F10 alcohol, F11 opioids, F12 cannabis, F13 sedatives, F14 cocaine, F15 stimulants, F16 hallucinogens, F17 nicotine, F18 inhalants, F19 other psychoactive substances

Mood and depressive disorders: mood disorders F30–F39 overview, depression F32/F33 family guide, F33.1, F33.2, F32.89 and other depression codes, depression with psychotic features, depression due to a medical condition (F06.3x), bipolar disorder F31.x, plus depression treatment planning

Anxiety, trauma, and OCD: anxiety codes F41.9/F41.1, the anxiety coding & treatment-planning ultimate guide, anxiety treatment plans with ICD-10 codes, PTSD F43.1x, adjustment disorder F43.2x, OCD F42.x

Psychotic, eating, and personality-adjacent disorders: schizophrenia F20.x, anorexia and eating disorders F50.x, high-risk sexual behavior

Childhood and adolescent onset: ADHD F90.x, conduct disorder F91.x, enuresis F98.0

Crisis and symptom codes: suicide attempt & suicidal ideation, R45.851 suicidal ideation, change in mental status (R41.82), mild cognitive impairment

Quick reference: the printable ICD-10 mental health cheat sheet, the ICD-10 codes glossary definition, and ICD-10 in addiction treatment billing

How this directory stays current

ICD-10-CM is a moving target: every October 1, NCHS and CMS publish a new fiscal-year code set with additions, deletions, and revised code titles, plus the updated Official Guidelines. Every code and title in this directory — on this hub and on every family and code page — is verified against the FY2026 tabular list (effective October 1, 2025 – September 30, 2026), and the whole directory is re-reviewed at each annual rollover. Pages carry a “last reviewed” date, and fiscal-year changes that affect behavioral health coding are noted on the affected pages rather than silently rewritten — so if a code you billed last year disappears or changes meaning, the page will say so.

Codes verified against the FY2026 ICD-10-CM tabular list (effective October 1, 2025 – September 30, 2026). This directory is reviewed against each annual ICD-10-CM update.

The code is only step one — the claim it anchors still has to survive eligibility, authorization, and adjudication.

Reference tables

Common questions

Official sources

• CDC/NCHScdc.gov
• CMScms.gov
• ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, FY2026ftp.cdc.gov